Geosynthetics are construction materials that can assume different functions in geotechnical engineering and environmental protection works, such as drainage, filtration, reinforcement, protection and as barriers. They are easy to install, to transport to remote areas and provide engineering solutions that impacts less the environment. This paper presents and discusses the use of these materials in environmental protection works, as well as sustainable solutions using different types of geosynthetics and combinations between them and alternative construction materials such as scrap tires and plastics. Applications in waste disposal, drainage, soil reinforcement, etc. are described and discussed. The use of sustainable geosynthetics such as biodegradable mats for erosion protection and geosynthetics manufactured from recycled plastics and scrap tires is also discussed as well as solutions incorporating geosynthetics to minimize the consequences of climate change. The results from experimental studies and case-histories monitoring presented show that geosynthetics can make a significant contribution to environmental preservation and protection, especially in view of the future consequences of the increasing frequency of extreme events caused by climate change.